FMC SOLUTIONS
Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD)
Further Information
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Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) is a critical systemic disease in cacao caused by the fungus Ceratobasidium theobromae. The pathogen invades the vascular tissue (xylem) through young shoots, causing characteristic yellowing of leaves with brown-colored leaf veins, premature defoliation, distinctive brown vascular streaks visible when twigs are split, and shoot dieback, leading to plant decline.
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